Globaalit energiamarkkinat ovat olleet murroksessa koko 2000-luvun. Viimeisen kahdenkymmenen vuoden aikana energian kysynnän kasvu on siirtynyt voimakkaasti nouseviin talouksiin samalla kun öljyn ja maakaasun tuotantoteknologiat ovat kehittyneet merkittävästi. Vielä suurempi murros...

Although parents in almost all rich democracies are entitled to some form of paid parenting leave, fathers in particular often do not take all the leave available to them. As employers play an important role in the implementation of parenting leave policies, this article investigates what...

Handelsabkommen können langfristig zu Entwicklung und damit zur Bekämpfung von Fluchtursachen beitragen - wenn sie dezidiert auf nachhaltige Entwicklung und echte Marktöffnung hin gestaltet sind. Neuere Theorien und Empirie zeigen, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen Handel und Migration äußerst...

Transfers from parents-either in the form of gifts or inheritances-have received much attention as a source of inequality. This paper uses a 19-year panel of administrative data for the population of Norway to examine the share of the Total Inflows available to an individual (defined as the...

This article investigates the trade-off between increasing welfare losses and increasing peak-warming if a temperature target is reformulated as a subsidiary concentration or cumulative emissions target. We apply a welfare maximizing integrated assessment model for a deterministic...

I analyse about 160 estimates of the relationship between female migrants' labour force participation and ancestry culture, integrating studies from economics and sociology that were previously unconnected. The literature exhibits large heterogeneity in results that is only partly explained by...

This memo discusses effects of COVID-19 on interest rates through the lens of global movements in the natural real interest rate. While government spending and public debt issuance are likely to cause a rise in r*, r* may decline due to precautionary behaviour. The net effect is uncertain.

The memo summarizes the design and use of the IMF's precautionary facilities since their introduction and discusses lessons and potential reform options. In particular, the framework for these facilities should be adjusted to address prolonged use at high access levels.