Modigliani and Miller (M&M) proposed that investors forgo dividends, leaving the money available for reinvestment as retained earnings. This recommendation takes two parts: Proposition III, i.e., a dividend has no impact on market value, and Proposition IV, i.e., that financial policy is of no...

This document provides a summary of the more detailed cross pricing paper, see "https://ssrn.com/abstract=3278907" https://ssrn.com/abstract=3278907.We present a PowerPoint overview of cross currency swaps (Xccy Swaps) and the pricing formula as seen from a trading perspective. Firstly we...

Money is not everything in life but money is the most important need of everyone's life. This paper describes the value of money which changed over a period of time. It also explain the important factor i.e. interest, due to which the value of money changes. This paper also discussed the...

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups (“JOBS”) Act of 2012 intends to “help entrepreneurs raise the capital they need to put Americans back to work and create an economy that's built to last.” The goal is to “democratize startups” by making capital available to diverse entrepreneurs in...

This paper applies Magni's (2011) Aggregate Return On Investment (AROI)to investment performance measurement. We show that the ratio of undiscountednet cash flow to undiscounted invested capital is not a naive metric (itseemingly does not take the time value of money into account). It is a...

Recent studies have debated the impact of investor protection law on corporate behavior and value. I exploit the staggered passage of state securities fraud statutes (“blue sky laws”) in the United States to estimate the causal effects of investor protection law on firm financing decisions...

There is a strand of CAPM based analytical research in accounting that uncovers a little known CAPM corollary, namely that the firm's cost of capital is a joint effect of its payoff risk and payoff mean. The CAPM equilibrium mechanism has the effect that the "numerator" (expected payoff) drives...

Suppose risk-averse managers can hedge the aggregate component of their exposure to firm's cash flow risk by trading in financial markets, but cannot hedge their firm-specific exposure. This gives them incentives to pass up firm-specific projects in favor of standard projects that contain...

Hedge funds and other private equity funds are aggressive monitors of corporate America. Their investment strategies are designed to squeeze agency costs and other inefficiencies out of under performing companies. Mutual funds and public pension funds, by contrast, have remained relentlessly...

Using a typical linear model on a sample of listed firms in China over a period of 10 years (2006–2016), this study empirically attempts proving how peer effects influence corporate research and development (R&D) investment decision. The study goes further to demonstrate that peer effects play...