This paper investigates the relationship between loan loss provisions and pre-provisions earnings during the first-wave COVID-19 pandemic. A positive co-movement between the two variables indicates income smoothing. The pandemic period was compared with the pre-pandemic period using quarterly...

Identifying the intersection between digital finance, green finance and social finance is important for promoting sustainable financial, social and environmental development. This paper suggests a link between digital finance, green finance and social finance. Using a simple conceptual model, I...

Achieving high levels of financial inclusion has been a policy priority for policy makers in many countries as policy makers seek to reduce the level of financial exclusion to low levels. There have also been increased interest in financial inclusion research by academics. The literature lacks a...

This paper discusses sustainability accounting. Sustainability accounting is the contribution of accounting to sustainable development. Sustainability accounting has grown in importance in many countries. This paper highlights the motivation for sustainability accounting, the definition of...

This paper discusses the benefits and issues associated with big data and artificial intelligence (AI) for financial inclusion. The benefits of artificial intelligence and big data for financial inclusion are: improved efficiency and risk management for financial services providers; the...

This study investigates the determinants of banking sector profitability in South Africa, Nigeria and the United States. The findings reveal that cost efficiency, the size of non-performing loans and overhead cost ratio are significant determinants of the banking sector profitability. In the...

This paper examines whether high levels of financial inclusion is associated with greater financial risk. The findings reveal that higher account ownership is associated with greater financial risk through high nonperforming loan and high cost inefficiency in the financial sector of developed...

This article discusses the need for climate change risk mitigation and why it is not the responsibility of Central Banks to mitigate climate change risk. The paper argues that the responsibility for managing climate change risk should lie with elected officials, other groups and institutions but...

This article discusses some policy options that central banks may find useful in dealing with climate change risk in the financial sector. The effect of climate change on the financial sector are indirect but severe when they occur. Central banks play an important role in regulating the...

This study examines the correlation of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) across countries and regions. Using correlation analysis, the findings reveal that some countries have a positive EPU correlation while other countries have a negative EPU correlation. The economic policy uncertainty index...