Australia's goods and services tax (GST) follows the conventional VAT model and treats loan intermediary services as input taxed (exempt) supplies. Financial supplies are defined in regulations in terms not greatly different than found elsewhere. However, the Australian rules contain a number of...

Australian income tax law provides taxpayers making donations to charities with a deduction for the amount of the donations. It also provides public benevolent institutions with an exemption from income taxation for income derived by way of gift or from the investment of donated funds. The...

The issues raised by VAT and financial investments may be the most challenging of all VAT and financial supplies to resolve. In a model VAT, there would be full recovery of all VAT associated with savings and investment. Three problems make it difficult to achieve this aim in respect of...

We can pay for our social policy proposals through philanthropy, some kind of user pays arrangement or through taxation. For most of the last century, we have increasingly relied on taxation as the method of financing our expanding welfare state and our growing expectations of citizenship...

Prior to 2012, the Chinese VAT applied primarily to supplies of goods, with supplies of services, including financial services, subject to a turnover tax known as the Business Tax. The value of financial services in respect of a loan was interpreted as the gross interest payable on the loan. As...

While there have been many studies of the relationship between cultural adaptation and media usage by immigrants to Anglo countries, there have been no studies published in English of media use by international students in China. Researchers investigating media use of international students in...

Hungary was the first post-socialist country in eastern Europe to adopt a general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR). The original GAAR adopted in 1990, best described as a "form and substance" GAAR, was supplemented by a second GAAR in 1998, best described as a "proper use of rights" GAAR. The tax...

Australian tax laws have contained a general anti-avoidance rule (GAAR) for over a century. The income tax GAAR proved robust for over half a century but ceased to be effective when read down in the 1970s and was replaced in 1981. The current GAAR has been recently amended to include specific...

Prior to the adoption of a specific statutory prohibition on the deductibility of fines for income tax purposes, Australian courts denied deductions on the basis of judicial doctrines that characterized fines as expenses incurred outside the scope of ordinary business. Later cases suggested a...

This article considers the contribution of Justice Edmonds to the jurisprudence of the goods and services tax (GST), Australia's version of a value-added tax. The judgments deal with a range of issues including transitional issues, definitional issues, contributions by third parties and cases...