activity. The article's main finding shows that when analyzing patent application rates by proxy of applicants' national origin …, the probability of the negative change in patent applications count falls. Surely this decline is much steeper for …

top 300 universities worldwide. By providing a patent ranking system and an analysis of the determinants of university … patenting, we enable an international comparison not only between different countries but also between universities within …

method, a 1 % increase in patent per employee brings together a 0.245 % increase in TFP. The second analysis validates this … result as it suggests patent per employee growth Granger causes TFP to grow, while the inverse is not true. Furthermore, 0 ….35 % of the variance in the forecast error of TFP changes is explained by a unit shock in patent per employee growth …