This paper assesses the impact of product market deregulation in upstream sectors on the productivity growth of firms … productivity gains already in the short-run and that are sustained in the long-run. The effects are more positive for those further …

provides four key insights. First, product market reforms have positive effects on capital, output and employment and their … effects increase over time. After two years, they raise capital by 4%, output by 3% and employment by 1.5%. Second …

, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result …. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies …

, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result …. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies …

, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result …. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies …

, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result …. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies …

exploits variation in employment responsiveness to productivity over time, particularly examining the relationship between … productivity in Europe. The focus is on the reallocation channel and productivity-enhancing reallocation of jobs, following Foster … changes in employment responsiveness and the job retention support in 2020 and studying how well the support was targeted by …