Current society prioritizes clean energy production (CEP) to meet diverse energy needs and achieve sustainability. Current research involves different aspects of CEP, but comprehensive research is limited. Therefore, this paper aims to improve researchers' integrated understanding of the field...

Little is known about the economic environments and determinants of the compensation arrangements for outside board members. As delegated monitors of corporate management, board members act as shareholders' agents. Thus, a potential for misaligned interests exists, requiring in turn incentive...

We examine how large mutual funds voted their proxies. Data concerning fund voting has recently become available in two new datasets. In the first, mutual funds are required to disclose their policies for making voting decisions. In the second, they are required to disclose how they actually...

The use of stock-based compensation for U.S. CEOs has increased significantly throughout the 1990s. Research interest, in particular on stock option compensation, has similarly increased, yet contradictory results create questions about the theoretical underpinnings. Therefore, we revisit the...

This paper studies accruals operating cash flow and writedowns in 73 firms whose bond ratings were downgraded by Moody's or Samp;P for reasons relating to declining earnings prospects. We find that managers' accounting choices primarily reflect their firms' financial difficulties rather than...