We develop a financial-economic model for carbon pricing with an explicit representation of decision making under risk … specifications. We show that risk associated with high damages in the long term leads to stringent mitigation of carbon dioxide … emissions in the near term. Our results provide insight into how a systematic incorporation of climate-related risk influences …

, which are disproportionately affected by climate change, raises significant concerns. This study shows that sovereign risk …. Countries with elevated risk levels are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change compared to their lower-risk … vulnerability to climate change, in terms of sovereign risk, particularly for countries with low spreads and long-term debt …

We propose and implement a procedure to optimally hedge climate change risk. First, we construct climate risk indices … climate risk hedge portfolios. The new mimicking portfolio approach is much more efficient than traditional sorting or maximum … delivering markedly higher and statistically significant alphas and betas with the climate risk indices. …