Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: How did the standard and non-standard ECB policy measures influence the price level and the EUR/USD rate of exchange in the period 2008-2013? Design/methodology/approach: We formulated the following hypothesis: Depreciation...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: How did the standard and non-standard ECB policy measures influence the price level and the EUR/USD rate of exchange in the period 2008-2013? Design/methodology/approach: We formulated the following hypothesis: Depreciation...

International integration of financial markets is one of the important conditions for favorable monetary integration. The treasury bond market is one of the financial market segments. Polish membership in the European Union and liberalization of capital movement were important factors in the...

The Maastricht convergence criteria are partially based on the theory of optimum currency areas and costs-benefits analysis of the creation of a single currency area as the EMU foundation. Fulfillment of convergence criteria should be durable, but it requires a certain degree of real convergence...