The donor community spends millions of dollars annually on procuring essential medicines as part of development assistance for health. Defining and enforcing quality standards for these medicines continues to prove challenging as this involves complex regulatory processes. While developed...

Central to the welfare analysis of income transfer programs is the deadweight loss associated with possible reforms. To aid analytical tractability, its measurement typically requires specifying a simplified model of behavior. We employ a complementary "decomposition" approach that compares the...