This study identifies and analyses the side effects that the "full harmonisation approach" of the proposed Consumer Rights Directive could have on national general contract laws or general sales laws. In particular, the study analyses the reasons for side effects of the proposed directive and...

This briefing paper provides a preliminary analysis of the transposition, implementation and enforcement of the Directive on unfair commercial practices (2005/29/EC) and the Directive concerning misleading and comparative advertising (2006/114/EC). The paper responds to a request by the...

Digitale Märkte weisen starke Konzentrationstendenzen und eine Entwicklung zu immer stärker verzahnten, sich verschließenden Ökosystemen auf. In dieser Studie wird (ein Mangel an) Interoperabilität (IOP) als mögliche Ursache oder Treiber solcher Konzentrationstendenzen beleuchtet und der...

Since 12 July 2020, online marketplaces, app stores and search engines have to comply with the Regulation (EU) 2019/1150 on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services, better known as the “P2B Regulation”. The Regulation is the first step of the...