With a growing number of transactions available on the internet, the interconnection between regulatory issues creates unprecedented complexities for both transaction subjects and policymakers. Through the lens of Facilitation 2.0, it is possible to identify and target the development of...

The pandemic is impacting at a time of major transformational change in the global economy driven by the digital transformation, a decoupling between the United States and China, and the rise of populism. The massive economic shock of the pandemic is not only accelerating changes that were “in...

Portuguese Abstract: O caráter cada vez mais complexo da trama digital e o crescente número de conflitos nessa seara desafiam nossa capacidade de compreensão. Os autores propõem uma taxonomia dos modos de comércio digital, analisam as áreas em que existem conflitos e comparam as táticas...

This paper provides an overview of the evolving nature of digital trade and digital trade policies. It shows that digital trade has been growing faster than “non-digital” trade. By 2018, 24% of global trade (USD 5.1 trillion) could be considered digital trade. In parallel, countries have...

This note considers the nature of the cybersecurity concerns that have been raised in the decoupling debate and their implications for national security, contrasts those with the nature of the national security concerns that have traditionally been included in the rules-based trade framework,...

The paper applies economic theories to give an overview of the emerging phenomenon of digital personal assistants (DPAs). A DPA is an intelligent automated system that interacts with the user through a dialogue in natural language, and meanwhile applying third-party services to obtain...

The European Union is aiming to foster digital transformation in all sectors by 2030. It has pioneered cross-sectoral legislation on artificial intelligence, cloud computing services and crypto-assets for this purpose. Yet compared with the work done on ESG, the prospective banking regulation...

The author discusses the EU Commission’s triad of proposals in the Digital Services Package of Winter 2020, i.e. the proposed Data Governance Act (DGA), Digital Markets Act (DMA) and Digital Services Act (DSA). These bills represent the hitherto most ambitious and broad regulatory project in...