This paper investigates the effects of using residuals from robust regression in place of OLS residuals in test statistics for the normality of the errors. It is found that for systematic and clustered outliers robustified normality tests yield greater power

Current economic theory is mainly concerned with the factors which affect the wealth of nations. Issues of income distribution and elimination of poverty and deprivation are secondary. We suggest an alternative formulation which would make hunger and homelessness, and poverty in general, the...

The Breusch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test for heteroskedascity is supposedly able to detect heteroskedasticity which is an arbitrary function of some set of regressors. We will show that in fact it detects only linear functions. The test is inconsistent for general alternatives, in the sense...

This paper introduces a micro-founded methodological framework to estimate the housing deficit across and within emerging economies. It introduces the Adequate Housing Index, which provides a comparable assessment of adequate housing based on seven adequacy dimensions that are held constant...

This study investigates the effect of gender budgeting in India on gender inequality and fiscal spending. Gender budgeting is an approach to budgeting in which governments use fiscal policies and administration to address gender inequality and women's advancement. There is little quantitative...

In face of the strong conflict between market norms and social norms, peaceful co-existence is impossible. In traditional societies, markets were subordinated to society. Modern society emerged via a number of revolutions which made society subordinate to markets. This led to a reversal of...

Since the spirit of Islam is in stark and violent conflict with the spirit of Capitalism, the form taken by institutions designed to express this spirit must also be different. Capitalist financial institutions are designed to support the process of accumulation of wealth, which is at the heart...

Polanyi's book on The Great Transformation provides an analysis of the emergence and significance of capitalist economic structures which differs radically from those currently universally taught in economic textbooks. This analysis is based on a methodological approach which is also radically...

The introduction of an economics textbook by Manikiw quotes Adam Smith regarding the invisible hand and deduces the following claims:1. Participants in market economies are motivated by self-interest. (SI)2. Decentralized market economies work very well, and maximize the welfare of society as a...