The Russian government banned in August 2014 imports of different food and agricultural products from the European Union as a countermeasure to sanctions introduced by the EU and several other countries after Russia's actions in Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea. This paper assesses the...

Economic sanctions are a frequent instrument of foreign policy. In a diplomatic conflict, they aim to elicit a change in the policies of foreign governments by damaging their economy. However, sanctions are not costless for the sending economy, where domestic firms involved in business with the...

Economic sanctions are a frequently used tool of foreign policy. Constraining trade flows towards or from the target country is supposed to coerce its government into changing certain policies. However, sanctions constitute an obstacle to trade, thereby affecting flows of all countries,...

We investigate the effect of economic sanctions on trade flows in countries sharing a border with sanctioned states. According to trade models, sanctions are expected to reduce trade flows as they disrupt established trading routes and economic relationships with suppliers and customers....

It has long been debated about whether the economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council against North Korea have created effective constraints on the country’s aggressive economic and military development. In response to this controversy, this paper establishes a...