We study the levels of lit and dark fragmentation in IPOs. Using a sample of 451 IPOs, we find that measures of dark and lit fragmentation are higher in underpriced issues. We further test the claim that IPO price uncertainty is not fully resolved at the offering and that this ex-post...

We examine the information content of retail order flow relative to dark institutional and lit markets. We use multiple sources of retail order identification and account for the fact that market opacity affects order routing choices of both institutions and the brokers who sell retail orders....

We evaluate the information structure of US markets after the implementation of the SEC tick pilot program. We find significant changes in the information structure of the market conditioned on the market fee structure. Maker-taker market volume flow increases in informational efficiency while...

Almeida, Campello, and Weisbach (2004) show that cash flow sensitivities are higher for firms that are financially constrained. This paper updates and extends the work of Almeida, Campello, and Weisbach to account for possible misspecification of financial constraints as well as changes in firm...

This paper studies the impact that pre-IPO cash flow volatility has on the initial and long-term value of a publicly traded firm. From the perspective of corporate risk management theory, higher cash flow volatility should reduce value in the form of higher borrowing costs, reduced investment,...

We examine the information content of retail order flow relative to dark institutional and lit market order flow. After controlling for volume effects, we find that retail order flow is more informed than dark institutional order flow. The majority of price discovery on dark markets comes from...