Emotions are intrinsic components of human behavior that have the capacity to affect how individuals perform in their daily activities. Much of the literature has explored the topic using experimental data or, when using sporting events, focusing on pre-competition triggers. This paper uses...

This paper quantifies how much of violent crime in society can be attributed to football-related violence. We study the universe of professional football matches played out in Germany’s top three football leagues over the period 2011-2015. To identify causal effects, we leverage timeseries and...

As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year and the economy continues to recover, it is clear that today's dynamic, unpredictable risk environment will remain. Due to the influence of other unexpected and changing sources of risks from the external and internal environment, situations arise...

A rich literature shows that ethnic discrimination is an omnipresent and highly persistent phenomenon. Little is known, however, about how to reduce discrimination. This study reports the results of a large-scale field experiment we ran together with the Norwegian Football Federation. The...

Economists have found mixed evidence on what happens when the number of police increases. On the one hand, more law enforcers means a higher probability of detecting a crime, which is known as the monitoring effect. On the other hand, criminals incorporate the increase into their decision-making...

Qigong has been around for more than 4,000 years. It contains aspects of martial arts, philosophy, theology, mindfulness, meditation, exercise, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It is a subfield of health economics. Practicing qigong exercises on a regular basis can improve health and...

This article examines the organisational structure of the world governing body of the sport of cycling, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). It describes aspects of this structure that are democratically unrepresentative and discriminatory between the members of the organisation. Conflicts...

This article examines recent controversies in the sport of cycling with a focus on the governance of the sport by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). In particular, it examines allegations raised against the UCI in the recent U.S. Postal Service Pro Cycling Team/Lance Armstrong doping...

Professional female athletes have long and bitterly complained that their compensation seriously lags behind that awarded to their male counterparts, and that this situation is unjust. The problem with this argument is that it is based on the labor theory of value, a long-discredited theory that...

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, this paper analyses the effects of spending part of adolescents' leisure time on playing music or doing sports, or both. We find that while playing music fosters educational outcomes compared to doing sports, particularly so for girls and children...