This paper explores the diminishing influence of national cultural distance on two subsidiary control issues, expatriate staffing and parent company ownership level of the foreign subsidiary. Previous studies have produced conflicting findings: one stream of research argues that when cultural...

We examine the relationships between national ethical environment (NEE) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing and developed countries from an institutional theory perspective. Based on an NEE measure developed by Franke and Nadler (2008) and FDI data from the Ministry of Finance of...

We examine how organizational ecology and the strategic choice perspective can be combined to provide more contextualized insights into how multinational corporations (MNCs) can better counter environmental pressures with evolving subnational FDI legitimacy and improve the survival likelihood of...

This study examines age dependence in the mortality of multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) subsidiaries by integrating various “theory fragments” of organizational ecology. Using a “nonmonotonic logic”, we hypothesize an inverted S-curve relationship between subsidiary age and...