Western legal systems have historically helped establish trust between parties and reduce transactional uncertainty by providing recourse to legal procedures. Nonetheless, establishing trust still imposes significant transactional costs and blockchain may reduce them to a smaller level. In the...

This publication features conversations on antitrust law with Nobel Prize laureates in Economics and aims at understanding how useful their work could be to antitrust law. Given the rigor and importance of their body of work, antitrust scholars, lawyers, officials, and anyone who's interested in...

In this paper, we provide an overview of the Italian legislation on interlocking directorates and its enforcement in the last decade. Italy is the only EU Member State to have introduced a specific anti-interlocking provision aimed at promoting competition in the banking, insurance, and...

Blockchain may transform transactions the same way the Internet altered the dissemination and nature of information. If that were to be the case, all relationships between companies would change, including prohibited ones such as collusive agreements. For that reason, the stakes are crucial and...

Bigness as such is not an offence in the EU. Nonetheless, in several EU- and Non-EU-jurisdictions there exist powers to order the breaking up of large firms if this is deemed necessary to remedy adverse effects on competition even if they were not created by an unlawful merger or by abusive...

The rise of the platform economy has been the subject of celebration and critique. Platform companies like Uber, Airbnb, and Postmates have been rightfully celebrated as positively disruptive, introducing much–needed competition in industries that have been otherwise over–mature and...

A bundled discount occurs when a seller charges less for a bundle of goods than for its components when sold separately. A characteristic of such discounting is that a rival who makes only one of the products in the bundle may have to give a larger per item discount in order to compensate the...

In markets with significant scale economies and network effects, scholars and policymakers often tout open access and interoperability requirements as superior to both regulated monopoly and the break-up of dominant firms. In theory, by compelling firms to coordinate to develop common...

This paper gives a fresh account of competition in the digital economy. Economic analysis in the field of industrial organization remains largely focused on a sophisticated version of the Schumpeter-Arrow debate, which is unresolved and largely irrelevant. We posit the need to look at...

The aim of this research is to provide the basic parameters for a model for the definition of the relation between the general competition and sector specific frameworks and rules regarding the regulation of the Internal Energy Market, especially after the Third Energy Package. The research...