This essay discusses recent development of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) on lawfulness of the use of the gender factor in calculation of insurance premiums and benefits. After summarizing effective regulation of the United States and the European Union, the essay provides not...

The protection afforded to franchisees differs widely across the world. Nations with economically strong franchise sectors typically regulate the contract’s bargaining phase and post-formation. Responding to the European Parliament’s call for a review of regulations governing Europe’s...

Section I of this article includes a brief explanation of the WIPO treaty process. Section II gives an overview of how a patent system would function with the proposed changes. A chart, keyed to the draft treaty articles, is included to show the functional role of each provision. While this...

The contributions of Foster (2005) and Halgreen (2004) are the latest in a series of debates, discussions, conferences, and academic scholarship on the subject of United States (US) and (or versus) European Union (EU) sport policy. In the context of international relations and foreign policy,...

Since the mapping of the human genome and the technical innovations in the field of biotechnology, patent law has gone through great controversies. Protection is required for an investor to make an investment but how broad should the given protection be? Whether the invention is a micro-organism...

The CJEU published its much-awaited preliminary ruling in Case C-263/18 - Nederlands Uitgeversverbond and Groep Algemene Uitgevers (the Tom Kabinet case) in December 2019. Our paper aims to introduce the Tom Kabinet ruling and discuss its direct and indirect consequences in copyright law. The...

This paper examines the impact of ordre public and morality on government regulation of gene editing patents in the United States and the European Union. A discussion of ordre public and morality requires an understanding first of the separate meanings of ordre public and morality, then how and...

This article will discuss Union regulatory approaches to cross-border mergers in the light of the fundamental freedom of establishment (Art.49 TFEU). The aim of this article is to explore the dynamics and the impact on the internal market of the multi-faceted interaction between the secondary...