This project represents a basic design of a multilateral FX market that synthetically connected to the modern bilateral FX market. The essence of the multilateral FX market is an introduction of the single rates generating by the multilateral FX structures. These single rates are single currency...

In this paper we focus on the concept of a discount rate. In [1] one expressed some concerns regarding the models that present randomization of the discount rate. This paper proposed a new approach to the construction of variable deterministic and stochastic interest rates. This approach is...

In this short notice we present critical comments on no-arbitrage principle. We show that no-arbitrage pricing is complete in a pricing theory which ignores market risk and is dealing with the deterministic implied price of instruments. There is a unique price of a derivative in deterministic...

In this short presentation we present another point of view on pricing derivatives. This point does present a direct alternative to the Black Scholes pricing concept. We do not make additional assumptions and we do not change existing axioms of the theory. We have developed a new interpretation...

In this short notice, we present structure of the perfect hedging. Closed form formulas clarify the fact that Black-Scholes (BS) portfolio which provides perfect hedge only at initial moment. Holding portfolio over a certain period implies additional cash flow, which could not be imbedded in BS...

In this paper, we present effect of the liquidity on risky bonds pricing. The liquidity effect is represented by the adjustment to the single price format. We begin with bid-ask pricing format and it helps to observe effect of the liquidity on each step of pricing. In the first section, we...

In this article we discuss fundamentals of the debt securities pricing. We begin with a generalization of the present value concept. Though the present value is the base valuation method in the modern finance we will illustrate that this concept does not sufficiently accurate in producing...

In the last three decades increased attention has been paid to the valuation of the contingent claims whose value depend on underlying financial instruments, called securities. One of the most significant achievements in modern investment sciences is the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This...