This paper studies a general model of price competition among platforms offering differentiated services in multi … competition among platforms increases, both the product differentiation effect and the cross-subsidy are shown to decrease. As …

sellers shape the market structure in platform industries. If product market competition is tough, sellers avoid competitors … markets, several homogeneous platforms segment the market. Instead, if product market competition is soft, agglomeration on a … competition. …

higher degree of competition for users can lead to higher profits because competition on the advertisers' side is reduced. If … platforms can charge users as well, profits might increase or decrease, the latter because of increased competition through the …

prices on both sides of the market, most of the literature has avoided models with Bertrand competition on both sides or has … policy simulation in the context of competition policy, it is important that equilibria exist and are unique. Otherwise, one …

We model duopoly competition between two platforms. They operate in a two-sided market where agents are heterogeneous …

competition than under Cournot competition in the sense of wide range of network externalities; (ii) collusion in prices …

pricing, introductory offers, and price wars. Such “competition for the market” or “life-cycle competition” can adequately … replace ordinary compatible competition, and can even be fiercer than compatible competition by weakening differentiation …. More often, however, incompatible competition not only involves direct efficiency losses but also softens competition and …

This paper studies the welfare consequences of a vertical merger that raises rivals costs when downstream competition …, that this result extends to price competition with differentiated products. …

This paper studies the welfare consequences of a vertical merger that raises rivals' costs when downstream competition …, that this result extends to price competition with differentiated products …

We provide a general framework to analyze competition between any number of two-sided platforms, in which buyers and …