petroleum products by rail and pipelines. While crude oil transportation has generated intense policy debate about rail and … pipeline spills and accidents, important externalities - air pollution and greenhouse gas costs - have been largely overlooked …

This paper is the first to assess operational and probabilistic externalities of oil extraction and transportation to … routes. The resulting externalities appear reasonable both under the assumption of high future demand and under low demand … imported oil. -- Oil Transport ; Externalities Oil Spills ; Risk Analysis …

This paper is the first to assess operational and probabilistic externalities of oil extraction and transportation to … routes. The resulting externalities appear reasonable both under the assumption of high future demand and under low demand …