This paper considers a general-equilibrium model with loss-aversion in consumption and heterogeneity: there is a continuum of agents, with s-shaped utility, who differ in the time-varying reference level of consumption. Heterogeneity in the reference level is crucial for the existence of the...

Bond Theory is an integral part of financial market. Understanding the same is essential for students entering the market for career options. There are various types of bonds and pricing logic is different for different type of bonds. The differential approach presented in this write up tries to...

This paper generalizes the standard mean–variance paradigm to a mean–variance–ambiguity paradigm by relaxing the assumption that probabilities are known and instead assuming that probabilities are themselves random. It extends the CAPM from risk to uncertainty by incorporating ambiguity....

We investigate the link between momentum returns, credit ratings, and business cycles. Momentum returns are significant and large in speculative-grade stocks and more so during contraction periods in business cycles. Speculative-grade stocks, on average earn momentum returns of 1.71% per month...

The main purpose of the paper is to define a model to estimate the liquidity risk for bonds, since very frequently their volatility price is lower than what appears after some shocks. The expected output will be generated comparing qualitative and quantitative methodologies, such as bond...

We provide evidence that speculative capital of hedge funds is a key determinant for the profitability of optimal carry and momentum strategies in futures markets across asset classes. We construct optimal carry and momentum portfolios from the perspective of a utility maximizing risk averse...

This research presents evidence for the existence of differences in asset beta risk in the liquidity cross-section of assets due to correlated trading. It is argued that due to differences in liquidity or cost, most trading activity is concentrated on the subset of liquid assets. In the presence...

We study minute-by-minute behavior of the VIX index and trading activity in the underlying S&P 500 options to understand the impact of macro and microeconomic forces on risk neutral volatility. VIX often increases with macroeconomic news, reflects the credibility of Fed monetary stimulus, and...

We study the market price of risk, the stock volatility and the hedging behavior in equilibrium of heterogeneous agents with arbitrary utility functions, consuming only at the end of the time horizon, and with the state variable following an arbitrary homogeneous diffusion process. We introduce...

Preqin and Pitchbook data are classified and analyzed to derive a coherent set of risk-return assumptions to combine with Listed liquid assets in a traditional mean-variance framework. We find expected returns of 11%-12% for PE and 8% for PD, PC detailed per subclass. Risk is decomposed in Class...