Broadband over cable television networks has become a growing force on the retail market in the EU. Thus, a debate has always been raised whether cable television networks should also be subject to open internet access obligations as PSTN and fibre. This article aims to share its view from a...

Broadband over CATV networks is flourishing in the EU and in some Member States it even has already made significant impact on the retail broadband market. Our article aims to provide an overview of the regulatory treatment of broadband over CATV under the electronic communications regulatory...

This essay gives an extensive examination of competition assessment and remedies in IPR-related merger cases in China, and aims to reveal the impact of IPRs on merger control under the framework of China's Anti-monopoly Law

Benefited from its dense population and robust telecommunications infrastructure, China's sharing economy has experienced explosively rapid development in recent years. However, at the back of the proliferation social problems are also constantly raised. Therefore, since the emergence of sharing...

The essential facilities doctrine is designed to oblige dominant undertakings to make available their important facilities, including intellectual property rights, for other undertakings. It requires a delicate balance of, on the one hand, protecting the exclusivity of ownership and on the other...

Broadband over CATV networks is flourishing in the EU and in some Member States it even has already made significant impact on the retail broadband market. Our article aims to provide an overview of the regulatory treatment of broadband over CATV under the electronic communications regulatory...

This working paper describes the way of geographic market definition in the area of EC competition law and electronic communications regulation with regard to the electronic communications sector. Most importantly, it looks at the recent development in particular in the sector specific...

The three criteria test to define new relevant markets is widely considered to contribute to the development of the EU electronic communications regulation. However, the application of this test has not been fully explored. This paper first examines the application the three criteria test based...

The legal uncertainty in the application of collective dominance by competition authorities under EU competition law raises an interesting question on how its equivalent concept, collective significant market power, should be employed by the national regulatory authorities in the context of the...