The Bank of Italy's Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) is widely used to study the economic behavior of Italian households. Like most similar surveys, the SHIW is biased downward in its estimates by the lesser propensity of wealthy families to participate and by the tendency to...

In the Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) conducted by the Bank of Italy, the flow variables (income and consumption) refer to the year preceding the interview while the stock variables (household composition and net wealth) refer to the end of the year. However, there are some...