Human capital is one of the most important source for economic development and economic progress in a country. Of course, the quality of human capital will be determinative of the economic development and economic progress. Education, on the other hand, is the most important and the initial step...

The global economic crisis began in 2008 has had major negative effects the economies of all countries in the world. Turkey is also one of the very seriously affected countries by the crisis. However, effects of the global crisis on Turkish Banking Sector remained relatively limited compared to...

European Union has taken economic and financial measures to cope with the debt crises erupted in 2009. These measures can be summarized as putting in place a bail-out mechanism and austerity measures, strengthening economic policy coordination, setting up “Stability and Growth Pact III” and...

1970’s financial liberalization has been followed by the liberalization of commercial markets in the process of globalization. Liberalization of financial markets has caused the acceleration of capital flows and the increase of their volume. Capital that flows to developing countries suffering...

Discretionary fiscal policies have arisen because of dominant Keynesian economic policies from 1930’s to 1970’s. Public expenditures intensively and excessively increased in order to ensure macroeconomic stability during this period. Many countries faced the emergence of macroeconomic...

Turkey's export growth has been increasing since 1980 and reached its peak in 2011 despite declines in different periods. The 2008 economic crisis that overvalued the exchange rates was a big obstacle to overcome for the Turkish exporters, and this diminishes their returns and thus lessened...

Participation banks have been operating as a third kind of banks as well as deposit banks and development/investment banks in Turkish Banking System since 1985. Participation banks are operating according to Islamic principles. Therefore, they do not use interest in collecting and utilizing...

Turkey has started to implement the export-oriented foreign trade strategy in place of foreign trade importsubstitution strategy with the decisions of January 24, 1980. The 1980s, that began to implement the export-oriented foreign trade strategy,was a period in which economic and trade...

Many developed and developing countries, who want to fulfill their social responsibilities covering investment spending that requires long-term, are passed to the multi-year budgeting practices instead of the classic one-year budget execution. In this respect, Turkey has passed multi-year...

Azerbaijan declared its independence in 1991, with the collapse of the USSR. Azerbaijan has entered into the process of economic reconstruction and development after achieving independence. This process is exactly started with the coming to power of Heydar Aliyev. First, political stability...