Despite some attention devoted to part-time employment with insufficient or inadequate work hours, research is still too limited on how the burden of underemployment is distributed disproportionately on vulnerable workers and its implications for financial well-being and work-family balance....

Underemployment, particularly in the form of working part time involuntarily, spiked to record levels in 2020, although by 2023 it had receded to its prepandemic level. Underemployment is disproportionately concentrated among workers who are paid hourly, have precarious work schedules or...

Despite some attention devoted to part-time employment withinsufficient or inadequate work hours, research is still too limitedon how the burden of underemployment is distributeddisproportionately on vulnerable workers and its implications forfinancial well-being and work-family balance....