Despite the growing public debate on fiscal surprise during election periods in jurisdictions where the democratic … study provides evidence from the dynamic system GMM and the ordinry least squares estimators to show that- (1) election … servicing commitments even in election periods. Policy recommendations are provided in line with the growing levels of debt …

-2020, spanning four election cycles, we test the hypothesis that bank failures are less likely before presidential elections. We find … that bank failures are less likely to occur in the twelve months leading up to an election. However, we do not observe … election cycles in bank failures are more pronounced for banks associated with greater political costs. Overall, our results …