On utilizing the available resources in Nigeria, carbon dioxide and other environmental substances are emitted into the atmosphere, which pollutes the Economy. Dynamically, this research work employs quarterly time series on the variable of interest, given the integration of the same order...

This paper examines the time-varying relationship and the hedging effectiveness between the food commodities futures and the food markets from August 1986 to December 2019. We employed Engle (2002)’s Dynamic Conditional correlation (DCC) model to calculate the dynamic correlations. We used the...

This paper examines the return spillover and time-varying relationship between the food commodities futures and the food markets from August 1986 to December 2019. We employed the scalar normalized form of the time domain variance decomposition frameworks postulated by Diebold & Yilmaz (2009,...