Violence and housing insecurity are horrible events that may be intertwined, with violence possibly forcing victims to … circumstances. This study uses national, prospective, longitudinal data from the Journeys Home Survey to examine how violence … experiencing violence and housing insecurity in subsequent periods. The study is one of the first to investigate these …

reduces both moderate and extreme violence. The reason is that a high penalty keeps relatively 'gutless' individuals from … relatively 'tough' individuals to commit moderately violent acts and so makes moderate violence more attractive for otherwise …