A very, very, very severe problem has been occurring repeatedly over the last 100 years in the social sciences and philosophy, when it comes to the question of understanding the meaning of Keynes ‘s logical theory of probability and his concept of rational degrees of belief. It is the failure...

Economists, working in the Heterodox schools of economics, have severely confused Keynes's interval valued probability–weight of the evidence approach to decision making from the A Treatise on Probability, that Keynes integrated into the General Theory by way of his definition of uncertainty...

The claim that Keynes's non numerical probabilities are ordinal probabilities was shown to be mathematically impossible by Keynes in chapter 15 of the A Treatise on Probability on pp.162-163 and in chapter 17 on pp.186-194.Keynes's non numerical probabilities are identical to Boole's constituent...

Starting with J. Muth’s unsupported and unsupportable claims, originally made in 1961, that “rational expectations” were subjective probability distributions that were distributed around a known, true, objective probability distribution, various economists have provided the same type of...

Ramsey’s complete and total ignorance of Keynes’s definition of “objective, logical, probability relations”, contained on pages 35-36 of the A Treatise on Probability, which was explicitly referenced and discussed by Edgeworth in his two reviews, can only be explained by the conclusion...

By the time that Keynes’s logical theory of probability appeared in 1921 in his A Treatise on Probability (1921), Keynes had already used it in his Indian Currency and Finance,1913, personally at the Treaty of Versailles negotiations as the official representative of the British Treasury...

Historical, as well as practically all current, assessments of J M Keynes's A Treatise on Probability suffer immensely due to the failure of the readers of that book to cover Part II of the Treatise. As acknowledged by Emile Borel in his 1924 review of the A Treatise on Probability, this part of...