In recent years, the number of regional and bilateral trade agreements (hereinafter preferential trade agreements (PTAs)) in the international arena has been growing steadily, amounting to some hundreds of agreements, according to World Trade Organization (WTO) data. These have developed...

This article analyzes renewable energy disputes in the World Trade Organization (WTO), explores the specific WTO norms that have been, and are likely to be, engaged by trade-distortive measures that WTO Members may seek to argue have been taken to promote renewables, and advocates implementing...

In this paper we assess the quality and coherence of the use of economics in dispute settlement in two fields of international economic law: international trade and international investment law. We argue that four economic concepts are frequently used and/or of critical importance for both...

There have long been concerns about the growing workload of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body. More recently, another more fundamental concern has emerged, which risks exacerbating the Appellate Body's capacity constraints, but goes further to imperil the independence of its...

This is an advanced unedited manuscript version of a paper to be published. It addresses the interplay between WTO dispute settlement and dispute settlement within a preferential or regional trade agreement

Using bilateral trade data on WTO disputes from 1995 to 2010 within the framework of multilateral trade, this paper empirically investigates whether legally winning a WTO dispute leads to actual trade gains. This study helps to illuminate the efficacy of the WTO dispute settlement system and to...

The purpose of this document is to provide a general overview of the participation of Latin American and Caribbean countries in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) during the period from 1995-2017. The region as a whole has been an active user of this...

I propose a framework within which to interpret and evaluate the major reforms introduced to the GATT system in its transition to the WTO. In particular, I examine the WTO Agreement on Safeguards that has replaced the GATT escape clause (Article XIX), and the Dispute Settlement Process (DSP)...

Transparency is not to be construed as a waiver of the rights to confidentiality of the parties. The Rule of Law, Court Procedural Rules, accountability and transparent legal processes undoubtedly have been the cornerstones of litigation, and foundation of the Courts, rendering justice to the...

Binding dispute settlement, meaning the ability to obtain a final judgment of whether a Member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has acted inconsistently with its obligations, was the defining attribute of the WTO as created in 1995. Global commerce thrived on having the certainty provided...