The paper identifies a policy inconsistency between the EU's asylum and the EU's labour migration policies and makes a call for stronger convergence. The analysis starts off by setting out the EU's current and future economic challenges with a view to its ageing population and low fertility...

Traditionally in the division of labor between the European level and the Member States it was, roughly, the European legislature that set the norms and the Member States that took care of enforcing these norms. In various policy areas, an implementation deficit has been observed, which is said...

German Abstract: Trickbetrügereien entwickeln sich über die Jahre mit. Die Beziehung zwischen Verbrauchern und Anbietern hat vor allem im letzten Jahrzehnt beträchtliche Veränderungen erfahren. Insbesondere hat sich der Online-Handel zu einem alltäglichen Phänomen entwickelt. Geschäfte...

This paper looks at the effectiveness and usefulness of establishing a self-regulatory entity (SRE) in the advertising sector. In different countries one finds different forms of this type of institution. It may play a role in ensuring that misleading and aggressive advertisements are stopped...

The European legislator has adopted a new Directive on ADR which sets out minimum requirements for ADR entities throughout the European Union. From a law and economics point of view law enforcement is crucial to induce compliance. ADR can be viewed as a means of strengthening consumer law...

Consumer law enforcement is high on the European legislator's agenda. The German consumer law enforcement landscape is not unaffected by these European developments. Traditionally, law enforcement in Germany has primarily been carried out by way of civil litigation relying on active consumer...

This paper is focussed on the implementation of the presumption of harm for cartels, as formulated in art. 17.2 of Directive 2014/104/EU. In most Member States the overcharge is presumed to be 0% unless proven otherwise. In two Member States this is 10% and in one it is 20%. These can be...

available open access at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441056.2020.1824722Thinking in terms of supply chains, a crux with a view to antitrust damages is the fact that calculations (of market participants and hence also within legal proceedings) do not stop at the bilateral...

Many of today’s products and services fall into the category of products and services that are, as such, legal but still unhealthy. Think of smoking as an example. This paper deals with the question of which mix of legal instruments should ideally be used in the light of such products and...