Intergovernmental transfers can be either conditional or unconditional with regard to the autonomy of local governments in spending such financial means. Although fiscal decentralisation has recently been quite pronounced in Eastern European transition countries, the dominance of a purpose- and...

Intergovernmental transfers can be either conditional or unconditional with regard to the autonomy of local governments in spending such financial means. Although fiscal decentralisation has recently been quite pronounced in Eastern European transition countries, the dominance of a purpose- and...

Since 1949 to the late of 1990s, Chinese society as well as the politicians' preference has been in drastic change. By delegating administrative discretion to bureaucrats of high ability, allowing whom to choose actions freely according to social environment, politicians' targets were achieved....

This review of developments in New Zealand administrative law covers the period from mid 2016 to mid 2019. The developments I have selected for discussion concern Bill of Rights methodology; heightened scrutiny reasonableness review; substantive legitimate expectations; a duty of consistency;...

At the core of the Westminster style of government is a professional, apolitical and effective public service: as matters now stand, the Government of the country could not be carried on without the aid of an efficient body of permanent officers, occupying a position duly subordinate to that of...