From 1580, the Jesuits introduced European sciences to China―an autarkic civilization whose intelligentsia was … the Jesuits were expelled by the emperor of China in 1723. These findings indicate the importance of an environment open …

. Business leaders and policymakers have expressed particular concern about this outcome in China, where multinational …&D offshoring in China appears to reduce knowledge flows to local firms, not increase them. First, following the literature, I use a … policymakers. Using insights obtained from field interviews, I argue that as multinationals expand R&D in China they also enhance …