agree to the conditions; and (3) discount and foreclosure levels are low, although such low levels do lower the likelihood …

foreclosure effect can be compensated by efficiencies. While price-cost tests help determining whether the rebates granted can … efficiencies that can be generated by loyalty rebates and the extent to which they can counterbalance foreclosure effects. Against …

particularly prudent in balancing these "obvious" pro-competitive effects against potential foreclosure concerns. Based on a simple …, even total welfare may decline as a result of the introduction of a rebate scheme. In addition to leading to higher prices …, rebate schemes may hurt consumers by inducing them to buy a higher quantity than they otherwise would. The belief that …

Prevailing tests for whether bundled rebate programs are anticompetitive, including the recent Antitrust Modernization … Commission Recommendation 17, are based on whether some incremental or total price in the rebate program is less than some … appropriate incremental cost. This test is based upon an error - that rebate programs, and exclusionary conduct more generally …

indirect approximation of the potential foreclosure effects of a rebate … rebate allows a firm to use the inelastic portion of demand as leverage to decrease price in the elastic portion of demand … retroactive rebates, as a form of infra-personal price-discrimination, can result in potential market foreclosure. These two …

show that the Chicago School Theory of a single monopoly surplus that justifies tying, bundling, and loyalty …