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The Bologna Process, initiated in 1999, now includes 47 member countries of the Council of Europe. In 2010, it was renamed 'the European Higher Education Area', it was expanded. It now attracts the interest of many countries around the world. Without sanctions, it has transformed the structure...
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Over the last two centuries, many countries experienced regime transitions toward democracy. We document this … democratic transition over a long time horizon. We use historical time series of income, education and democracy levels from 1870 … to 2000 to explore the economic factors associated with rising levels of democracy. We find that primary schooling, and …
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This paper proposes a new explanation for the emergence of democratic institutions: elites may extend the right to vote to the masses in order to attract migrant workers. I argue that representative assemblies serve as a commitment device for any promises made to labourers by those in power, and...
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Western donors attempting to promote democracy across the globe face a dilemma. Democracy is a highly valued policy … goal, but they are fearful that the path to democracy will undermine another highly valued goal – political stability – and …
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emphasis on how the Chinese government indoctrinates its people with a guardianship discourse on democracy to disguise its … and indoctrinate its people with the guardianship discourse. A majority of Chinese citizens indeed understand democracy … following this particular discourse and, thus, perceive the Chinese government as more or less a democracy …
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