claimed invention based on a combination or modification of a prior art reference. Sri Lanka, as a developing country, should … look at the development that has taken place in other jurisdictions and adapt the patent law to local conditions when … developing tests or guidelines in a manner that is compatible with the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade …

witnessed by the fact that patent applications are very skewed in the covered trade names and patent thickness expands over time … pharmaceutical firms, between patent portfolio and profit margins. …

-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), Articles 44 and 50. But the TRIPS Agreement does not require the issuance of … patent infringement, particularly if “reasonable compensation” is offered in the form of an “ongoing royalty” or an “interim … pharmaceutical regulatory approvals to the patent system and imposing stays of such approvals normally avoid the need for such …

This paper evaluates the effects of patent protection on pharmaceutical innovations for twenty-six countries that … established pharmaceutical patent laws during 1978-2002. Controlling for country characteristics through matched sampling …-effects regressions, this study yields robust results. National patent protection alone does not stimulate domestic innovation, as …