Deep learning methods, which can accommodate wide ranges of various stock characteristics to identify optimal investment portfolio or stochastic discount factor (SDF), have been criticized for extracting their superior performances from difficult to arbitrage stocks, high limits-to-arbitrage...

We exploit a unique dataset to study how the information sets of retail and institutional investors evolve over time. In line with theoretical models of rational inattention, investors’ information set is related to their sophistication, with more sophisticated investors tracking more stocks....

This paper illustrates that when CAPM is expanded to incorporate an investor base with heterogeneous risk aversions over a multi-period timeframe, a more realistic model is revealed which explains many return attributes previously considered to be anomalies. Investor concentrations in the market...

Using stocks traded on the NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ for the period of 1964 to 2009, this study demonstrates that, while momentum prevails among small stocks, momentum and reversals coexist among large stocks for a holding period of up to six months. The momentum/reversal divide is along the...

We identify model-free mispricing factors and relate them to global stock prices and investor beliefs. The factors measure variation in the relative mispricing of closed-end funds and their underlying assets. We design three factors to reflect the beliefs and capital flows of important...

Is shareholder interest in corporate social responsibility driven by pecuniary motives (abnormal rates of return) or non-pecuniary ones (willingness to sacrifice returns to address various firm externalities)? To answer this question, we categorize the literature into seven tests: (1) costs of...

We test the hypothesis that retail investors' attraction to lottery stocks induces overvaluation, and is amplified by high attention and social interactions. The lottery premium (negative abnormal returns) is stronger for high-retail-ownership stocks—especially those that also have high...

The extent to which financial analysts provide ‘herd' rather than ‘bold' (or anti-herd) earnings forecasts has important implications for market efficiency. Identifying any contributing factor(s) for financial analyst herding behavior can lead to policies to help reduce such harmful conduct....

We offer a new social approach to investment decision making and asset prices. Investors discuss their strategies and convert others to their strategies with a probability that increases in investment returns. The conversion rate is shown to be convex in realized returns. Unconditionally, active...

We document significant persistence in the market timing performance of active individual investors, suggesting that some investors are skilled at timing. Using data on all trades by active Finnish individual investors over almost 15 years, we also show that the net purchases of skilled versus...