The paper assesses the performance of the technology licensing offices (TLO) and technology transfer offices (TTO) which have been active in Portuguese higher education institutions. Data stemming from a survey of these entities was analyzed in successive steps through factor analysis, cluster...

The key role MNEs play in the global economy through international investment, and the changing landscape of such investment as MNEs as well as host and home economies adjust to changing conditions and objectives, make it important to understand trends and developments with respect to FDI and...

The combination of existing technologies is necessary for innovation. An important aspect of technology exchange between firms is that it generates both business creation and, possibly, business stealing. These countervailing effects generate potentially misaligned interests between technology...

Estimates of the private and social rates of return to investments in R&D are of high interest to economists, managers and policymakers. An important problem in the literature is that the canonical model used to obtain such estimates only allows R&D to diffuse through spillovers. This is a...

We propose a novel empirical strategy for detecting the potential effects of patent reforms on R&D investments. Our strategy builds on the insight that there is great variation in the extent to which firms rely on patents as an appropriation mechanism. Increases in patent protection should...