In this Article, I propose a theory of how rational, ideologically motivated judges might choose interpretive methods, and how rational, ideologically motivated laymen -- legislators, litigation organizations, lobbyists, scholars, and citizens -- might respond. I assume, first, that judges not...

In the spectrum sections of its Proposed Changes to the Review of the European Union Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications Networks and Services, the European Commission establishes a coherent, comprehensive and original set of forward-looking spectrum policy principles. By...

The EU regulatory framework for e-communications was adopted by the European Parliament and the Council in 2002, and became applicable from 2003. It has three primary objectives: (1) to promote competition; (2) to develop the single market; and (3) to promote citizens' rights. The European...

In recent years, the European telecommunications market has witnessed major developments, with rapid expansion in access to telecommunications networks and a surge in the number of available services and applications. While many factors have contributed to the transformation of the...

The term quot;reverse paymentquot; has been used as shorthand to characterize a variety of diverse agreements between patent owners and alleged infringers that involve a transfer of consideration from the patent owner to the alleged infringer. Reverse payment settlements are particularly...

A pitched battle is currently being waged for control of the American banking industry. For over a hundred years, the federal and state governments have maintained a complex, but relatively stable truce in their contest for power. At the beginning of our republic, state governments were the...

Banks are regarded as special institutions, and regulated and supervised heavily than other institutions. Nevertheless, banks fail like any other commercial entities, and will continue to fail. Given its effects on the society as well as national and international financial systems, bank failure...

The 2008 turmoil in the financial markets provided the primary impetus for significant financial reform of U. S. financial service institutions. The profound economic disruption had multiple causal factors, including, in part, the widespread use of privately negotiated over-the-counter...

The Upper Information Rights Tribunal in the UK recently held that controllers not required by law to report data breaches are still subject to monetary penalties even if they voluntarily report a breach. The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) and some information law experts stated that...

In September 2013, Ontario became Canada's first province and one of the world's few subnational jurisdictions to create an independent budget office. The Financial Accountability Officer's (FAO) mandate will be to assist Ontario's parliamentarians in holding the government to account by...