The paper investigated the difference the EU made to the nature and speed of convergence process in the countries that joined the EU since 2004 relative to countries that converged outside such closely-knit supranational organization. It draws some lessons from this analysis for ASEAN countries....

In 2010, following the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009, 13 Asian countries (including Hong Kong, China) introduced the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM) to significantly expand the ability of member countries to provide liquidity to each other to address potential liquidity...