This paper investigates if there is state dependence in the gender composition of managers in German establishments. We … analyze whether the number of hired female managers (respectively the share of females within hired managers) depends on the … female manager hires in present leads to more female hired managers in the future. Similarly, the number of male manager …

-level management, indicating that women managers with closer interactions with their subordinates have a higher impact on the gender … pay gap than women on higher management levels. The results are similar for East and West Germany, despite the lower … gender pay gap and more gender egalitarian social norms in East Germany. From a policy perspective, we conclude that …

-level management, indicating that women managers with closer interactions with their subordinates have a higher impact on the gender … pay gap than women on higher management levels. The results are similar for East and West Germany, despite the lower … gender pay gap and more gender egalitarian social norms in East Germany. From a policy perspective, we conclude that …

it all", but women must still choose between career and family in Germany. We argue that interventions need to address …

it all”, but women must still choose between career and family in Germany. We argue that interventions need to address …

One argument for increasing female representation in management is the anticipation that female managers will be … immediate managers using Swedish matched employee-employer data. Contrary to the expected positive association, we find that …-level managers, not for a manager at the highest level of management. One possible explanation could thus be a difference in decision …

One argument for increasing female representation in management is the anticipation that female managers are … position, and controlling for important sorting of employees, the negative association is found only among lower-level managers … and not among high-level managers. We discuss decision-making power as one possible explanation for this heterogeneity. …

female top managers is associated with subsequent increases in the share of women in midlevel management positions within …

-level management, indicating that women managers with closer interactions with their subordinates have a higher impact on the gender … pay gap than women on higher management levels. The results are similar for East and West Germany, despite the lower … gender pay gap and more gender egalitarian social norms in East Germany. From a policy perspective, we conclude that …