The issues related to the identification and assessment of risk in the automotive industry are particularly important from the point of view of functioning in a changing environment. The main purpose of the article is to present the basic definitions of risk and its types, as well as to identify...

This paper discusses a method for evaluating the competitive effects of reverse payments in the wake of the Supreme Court's Opinion in Actavis. Specifically, we demonstrate a method for evaluating actual reverse payments against a “maximum-efficient-reverse-payment” criterion under both...

In FTC v. Actavis, Inc. the Supreme Court asked whether a patent settlement agreement involving a so-called “reverse payment” from a patent holder to an alleged infringer of a pharmaceutical patent “can sometimes unreasonably diminish competition in violation of the antitrust laws.”...

Sham litigation is a practice whereby a competitor misuses the adjudicatory system for the purpose of preventing or delaying the entry of competing products in the market. As a consequence, consumers cannot benefit from a decrease of prices that would otherwise take place. The effects of this...

The auto sector in Pakistan has been a persistent opponent of trade liberalisation in the country. This has entailed losses to consumers in terms of higher prices, low safety and quality standards, and lack of innovation in this sector. The deletion programme, which was to result in...

Multinational companies (MNCs) from emerging markets (EMs) are new and very dynamic actors on the global scene. Starting from the late 1970s a strand of literature flourished on Third World multinationals (Lall, 1983a). More recently, the increasing expansion abroad by multinationals based in...

China ist aus eigener Forschungskraft („Make“) auf dem Weg in die Weltspitze der technologischen Innovatoren und bereits heute einer der wichtigsten Konkurrenten für Deutschland. In einzelnen Technologiebereichen (z.B. Kfz) besteht sogar die akute Gefahr eines Leapfroggings. Daneben erwirbt...