As part of a global effort to address existing barriers to gender equality in leadership and employment, countries around the world are taking steps to enhance gender diversity on boards, which can also have positive effects on board dynamics and governance. This paper takes stock of progress...

The aim of this study was to examine the moderating effect of ownership concentration (OC) on the relationship between impactful female directors and earnings management (EM). The study concentrated on firms with the lowest positive earnings, measured by return on assets. The results showed that...

Directors and officers liability insurance (D&O insurance) has gradually emerged as a vital component of external governance mechanism, allowing the appropriate transfer of decision-making risks to insurance companies. While D&O insurance can serve as an incentive for directors to actively...