This paper considers the measurement of poverty in the European Union (EU). Starting from a definition of poverty that … is suitable for the European context, a flexible measurement framework is proposed based on the Foster …-Greer-Thorbecke class of poverty measures. Three key issues need to be addressed in the measurement of poverty. First, one has to determine …

considerable measurement problems involved in the economic analysis of the phenomenon. However, the distinction between work …

measurement should be added to the traditional picture. According to the classical view, measuring an object consists of assessing …, and Walras understood measurement in the classical sense and applied this understanding to utility measurement; therefore … importance they attributed to measurement, their classical understanding of it, and the apparent immeasurability of the utility …

the first and second-order factor loadings and measurement error terms are invariant over time. Second, a largely … survey reveal that the first and second-order factor loadings are invariant of time. Moreover, the second-order measurement … error terms, but not the first-order measurement error terms, are invariant, as well. The results further reveal that …

measurement, not changes in real financial flows. Second, we show that even if these increases were correctly measured, cross …