Background: Urban freight transport has recently garnered significant attention from both professionals and academics due to its pivotal role in fostering economic and social development. Despite notable progress, this sector faces challenges that hinder its long-term sustainability. Addressing...

This paper deals with a new modeling approach for mode handling of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). Based on a review of the modeling methods and the specification formalisms in the existing approaches, we show that the mutual benefit of functional modeling and synchronous languages is very...