Digital competition regulations often put in place participative approaches to ensure competition in digital markets. The participative approach aims to involve regulated firms, stakeholders and regulators in the design of compliance measures. The approach is particularly relevant in complex and...

Large digital platforms acquired 1149 firms in various economic sectors between 1987 and July 2022. The European Commission reviewed only 21 of these mergers as most did not meet the European Union merger control turnover threshold. This suggests under-enforcement, with some problematic mergers...

The approach that competition authorities generally take to the task of competition advocacy focuses on general advocacy and advice to governments. Most discussions of competition advocacy generally take this ‘traditional’ advocacy path and discussions usually begin by asking what a...

This chapter reviews the traditional model of competition advocacy and explores its relevance to and limitations in developing countries. In particular, it examines the political challenges to competition reform in developing countries and the impact of institutional design on competition...

This paper is a draft chapter from an ongoing book project I am calling The Corporation and the Twentieth Century. In The Visible Hand, Alfred Chandler explained the rise of the large vertically integrated corporation in the United States mostly in terms of forces of technology and economic...

This is an examination of the government's proposed remedy in the microsoft case. It was performed for the Association of Competitive Technology. Although a breakup along business lines might be thought to be relatively low cost as breakups go, government imposed restrictions on trade, and its...

This is a followup paper to an earlier paper of mine estimating the costs to developers of a Microsoft breakup. It responds to papers by Levinson, Romaine, and Salop (lrs.pdf) and Lenard (lenard.doc). Among other things, this paper examines the changes in the windows operating system and...

Are information sectors sufficiently different from other sectors of the economy such that more stringent antitrust standards should be applied to them preemptively? Columbia Law School professor Tim Wu responds in the affirmative in his book The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information...

To regulate or not to regulate is not anymore a Shakespearian issue. The digital economy must be regulated. The question is now about how to regulate it to promote an efficient and fair competition. This paper is the section 4 of my chapter 3 of my PhD thesis “Competition Law and economics of...

This thesis addresses Big Data issues in competition law in three chapters. Chapter one proposes new economic tools to define the relevant market and the market power in the data-driven economy. It argues the need to reform the relevant market and the market power by considering new tools and a...