Employing huge economic stimulus packages was a common response of many policy leaders during the past financial crisis. In Germany for instance, the government enacted two fiscal packages with an overall volume of approximately 80 billion Euros. On the other hand, the distortions in the banking...

Inequality has been largely ignored in the literature and practice of monetary policy, but is gaining more attention recently. We look at how a decade of unconventional monetary policy (UMP) in Japan affected inequality among households using survey data. Our vector auto regression (VAR) results...

I propose a new approach to estimating the Federal Reserve’s unconventional monetary policy after the Great Recession. During the 2009-2015 U.S. zero lower bound period, the Federal Reserve resorted to unconventional policies like forward guidance and large-scale asset purchases. I quantify...

The Bank of Canada’s mandate is to target an inflation rate of 2 percent, but financial instability can have important effects on economic activity, which can influence the Bank’s ability to hit that target. The concern is that monetary policy and financial stability might work at...

This paper examines how the presence of uncertainty alters allocations and prices when the nominal interest rate is constrained by the zero lower bound. I conduct the analysis using a standard New Keynesian model in which the nominal interest rate is determined according to a truncated Taylor...

This paper builds a novel database on the effects of macroprudential policy drawing from 58 empirical studies, comprising over 6,000 results on a wide range of instruments and outcome variables. It encompasses information on statistical significance, standardized magnitudes, and other...

Over the years, the Nigerian economy has been faced with continuous disequilibrium and complexity in policy direction that constitutes a major setback in the growth pattern and macroeconomic instability. In this regard, the paper investigated the effectiveness of fiscal-monetary policy...

This paper summarizes the literature on the performance of various extended monetary policy tools when conventional policy rates are constrained by the effective lower bound. We highlight issues that may arise when these tools are used by central banks of small open economies. Tools that have...

Helicopter money has once been proposed as a theoretical thought experiment by Milton Friedman in order to elucidate the effect of money injections into the macroeconomy over time. However, some Euro area member states nowadays consider helicopter money, i.e. permanent Quantitative Easing (QE),...

What happens if the government's willingness to stabilize a large stock of debt is waning, while the central bank is adamant about preventing a rise in inflation? The large fiscal imbalance brings about inflationary pressures, triggering a monetary tightening, further debt accumulation, and...