approach. I propose allowing shareholders to enforce charter and bylaw provisions that require arbitration of certain disputes …. For example, an acquisitive company may require arbitration of merger-related suits, while allowing non-merger suits to … four standard deviations before the suit could be brought in court, rather than arbitration. Because enforcement would be …

approaches in domestic courts in advanced economies, an approach rarely taken in analysing investor-state arbitration. The first … the early 19th century with generally strong support for commercial arbitration based on ad hoc fee-based remuneration …; and similarities and differences between commercial arbitration and investment arbitration, focusing how the largely …